Final review topics

CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2 FINAL REVIEW

For your final, you can use one handwritten 3X5 notecard. You may use both sides.

Write your name and period in the upper right corner!

Using balanced chemical equations, given the quantity of one chemical, calculate

the quantity produced or required of a second chemical

Percent yield

Gasses

Properties and behaviors of gasses

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Combined and Ideal gas laws

Diffusion, Effusion

Phases of Matter

How phases are affected by pressure and temperature

Definitions of boiling, freezing

Phase diagrams

Thermochemistry

Endothermic and exothermic reactions; how to tell them apart from diagrams

Heat, specific heat, temperature, enthalpy (H)

Calorimetry    -q=+q

Hess’ Law

Solutions

Pure substances, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures

Solvent and solute

Measuring concentrations: percent, ppm, molarity

Dilutions and how to calculate

Solubility curves of solids and gasses

Colligative properties: what are they, how do concentrations affect, calculations of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression

Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

Collision theory and its effects on reaction rates

Catalysts and how they work

What is an equilibrium?

Equilibrium expression and Keq (equilibrium constant)

LeChatelier’s Principle

Acids, Bases, pH and Titration

Definitions of acids and bases; what is “amphoteric”?

Calculations for pH and pOH

pH scale and examples

Titrations and calculations involving neutralization reactions to determine concentration
Redox reactions, oxidation numbers and voltaic voltage

ITEMS FROM 1ST SEMESTER THAT TIE IN TO 2ND SEMESTER:

The Scientific Method

Steps and what is important in each step

Types of variables (dependent and independent), and what a “control group” is

Be able to read graphs and charts, and to analyze diagrams

Percent Error

Lab safety

Matter and Energy

Types of energy

Measurement of Energy (units and converting between them)

Law of Conservation of Energy

Temperature and its measurement

Temperature scales

What particle movement has to do with temp

States of Matter

How particle movement is different in each

Law of Conservation of Matter

Properties and Types of Matter

Separating Matter and recognizing signs of physical and chemical changes

Atoms

Parts of atoms and other forms of atoms (ions, isotopes)

Periodic Table

Molecules and Ionic Compounds

What are they, how are they named, be able to write formulas from names

Ions: cations, anions, polyatomic ions

Know how to determine the charge on a monatomic ion

Bond types and how to determine them

Naming acids, bases, and hydrates

Polarity: what it is, its effects, and how to determine it

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Types of reactions

Ways to write equations (formula, word, etc)

Balancing equations

Signs of chemical reactions

Phase notation

Be able to write formula equations from word equations and vice-versa

Mass and Moles

Atomic, molecular, formula mass

Mole

Mole conversions

Percent composition

Empirical and Molecular Formulas

**Really, anything in your notes/labs is fair game, but it will be main ideas. If you

don’t understand something, I’ll be happy to cover it (or cover it again…whichever.)**